ROLM’s CBX (Computerized Branch Exchange) came out of Santa Clara in the 1970s, a PBX built by a computer company rather than a phone company. IBM and then Siemens eventually owned it, and Siemens’ Hicom family carried on in parallel.

What callers heard

Music on hold meant wiring an analog port to an external interface box that matched impedance to a consumer or pro hold-music player. No internal melody.